The Spacecrafts Encyclopedia

Q & A	The Big Picture	Megatables
Main Statistics	Space Launchers	Presentation of the Encyclopedia
Spacecrafts Families	What's New	Who Am I ?

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Everything You Ever Wanted
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•	How Many Spacecrafts Were Launched?
•	How Many Spacecrafts Are Russian, American, European, Etc.?
•	What Proportion of These Spacecrafts Is Military and Which is Civilian?
•	What Proportion of Spacecrafts had Accomplished Their mission, and Which Had Failed?
•	For What Purpose Spacecrafts Are Launched?
•	How Many Spacecrafts Are Piloted?
•	How Many Probes Were Launched To Explore Our Solar System?
•	How Many Communications Satellites Were Launched?
•	How Many Meteosats Were Launched?
•	What About Launchers: How Many, Which Are the Most Frequently Used and the Bests?
•	What’s the Cifference Between Spacecraft, Satellite, Spaceship and Probes?

50 Years of Space Exploration it Two Graphs

These two graphs summarized the first 50 years of space exploration by answering two questions:
who launched spacechips and for what purpose? Click on each graph to view the answer. .

Analyses and Essays

• 2006 In Review

• No More Dreams, Mr. President (August 2006)

• 2005 In Review

WARNING: This Encyclopedia includes some 300 tables and lists (300 web pages) that provide basic data, but it will take time (years?) to fulfill each and every one of them. Please be kind to this "work in progress." (You may wright to me at: claude-lafleur@sympatico.ca)

The Big Picture

These two graphs show the number of spacecrafts launched every year; some 6,491 were launched (successfully or not) between 1957 and 2006. They included satellites (in Earth orbit), piloted spaceships and planetary probes. Color red represents spacecrafts launched by Russia, blue represents spacecrafts launched by the United States, yellow represents other governments (Europe, Japan, China, India, Canada, Israel & Other governments) and green represents non-governmental spacecrafts (commercial, and amateur/student). Click on each graph to enlarge.
.

Yearly Summary of Spacecrafts Launched

1957	1958	1959	1960	1961	1962	1963	1964	1965	1966
1967	1968	1969	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	1976
1977	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986
1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996
1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
2007

Spacecraft by Countries

Algeria	Arab Countries	Argentina	Australia	Belgium
Brazil	Canada	Chile	China	Czeck Repûblic
Denmark	Egypt	Europe (All)	European Agencies	France
Germany	India	Indonesia	Italy	Iran
Israel	Japan	Kazakhstan	Korea (South)	Malaysia
Mexico	Morocco	Netherlands	Nigeria	Norway
Pakistan	Russia (Soviet Union)	Spain	Sweden	Taiwan
Thailand	Turkey	Ukraine	United Kingdom	United States

The Encyclopedia Megatables

.
The table below presents the numbers of spacecrafts launched every year. Il also gives access to the main lists that formed this encyclopedia.

•	To view all spacecrafts launched on a given year, click on the year in the first colum of the table.
•	To view all Russian, or all American, or all European... spacecrafts, click on the country name on top of the table.
•	To view the list of all, or Russian, or American, or European, etc. spacecrafts launch on a given year, click on the appropriate number in the colums.
•	Each list give spacecraft names. Click on one of them to access the entry giving main data on this mission.

Table I - Number of Spacecrafts Launched Each Year

Year	Total	U.S.S.R. /Russia	United States	Europe	Japan	China	India	Canada	Israel	Other gov.	Com- mercial	Amateur /Student
1957	3	2	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1958	28	5	23	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1959	24	4	20	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1960	44	9	35	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1961	60	9	50	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1
1962	96	22	70	1	.	.	.	1	.	.	1	1
1963	97	24	72	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	.
1964	127	43	82	2	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
1965	180	71	103	2	.	.	.	1	.	.	1	2
1966	174	54	116	1	2	.	.	.	.	.	1	.
1967	172	74	88	5	1	.	.	.	.	1	3	.
1968	166	85	75	4	.	.	.	.	.	.	2	.
1969	155	84	61	4	1	1	.	1	.	.	3	.
1970	142	95	33	7	2	1	.	.	.	.	3	1
1971	175	111	49	9	2	1	.	1	.	.	2	.
1972	143	98	35	5	1	.	.	1	.	.	2	1
1973	146	114	26	3	.	1	.	1	.	.	1	.
1974	136	101	18	10	1	2	.	.	.	.	3	1
1975	168	120	30	7	2	3	1	1	.	.	4	.
1976	164	125	23	2	2	3	.	1	.	1	7	.
1977	147	113	21	6	4	.	.	.	.	1	2	.
1978	174	125	35	4	4	1	.	1	.	.	3	1
1979	134	108	15	2	2	3	2	.	.	.	2	.
1980	144	111	21	6	2	.	1	.	.	.	2	1
1981	160	125	15	5	3	3	3	.	.	.	5	1
1982	160	134	12	2	1	1	1	2	.	.	7	.
1983	162	118	26	2	3	1	2	1	.	1	7	1
1984	169	117	30	5	3	3	.	1	.	1	8	1
1985	172	121	28	3	2	1	.	1	.	7	8	1
1986	151	123	16	2	3	2	.	.	.	1	3	1
1987	141	118	13	2	3	2	1	.	.	2	.	.
1988	155	115	17	6	2	4	3	.	1	.	6	1
1989	139	100	25	4	2	.	.	.	.	.	8	.
1990	173	100	31	8	6	5	1	.	1	3	11	7
1991	143	85	32	9	1	1	1	2	.	.	9	3
1992	135	80	24	10	2	2	2	1	.	4	9	1
1993	118	60	32	5	1	1	2	.	.	3	8	6
1994	130	65	34	3	3	4	2	.	1	6	13	.
1995	113	39	30	10	3	.	2	1	1	3	20	4
1996	112	34	37	12	1	2	1	1	1	10	11	2
1997	158	28	26	10	4	2	2	.	.	4	81	1
1998	174	28	23	12	2	1	.	.	1	8	95	4
1999	133	18	24	8	1	4	2	1	.	8	65	2
2000	131	32	35	18	2	6	1	1	.	7	28	1
2001	93	29	30	8	2	2	2	1	.	2	16	1
2002	101	21	18	13	8	8	2	.	1	5	23	2
2003	98	22	23	7	7	9	4	3	1	6	11	5
2004	77	21	10	12	.	10	1	1	1	3	14	4
2005	78	21	13	15	5	6	3	1	.	3	10	1
2006	116	15	29	8	11	7	1	.	1	16	8	20
2007	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>	>>
Total	6,491	3,476	1,735	279	107	103	43	27	10	102	529	80
	100%	53.6%	26.7%	4.3%	1.6%	1.6%	0.7%	0.4%	0.2%	1.6%	8.1%	1.2%
	Total	U.S.S.R. /Russia	United States	Europe	Japan	China	India	Canada	Israel	Other gov.	Com- mercial	Amateur /Student

Souce: © Claude Lafleur's Spacecraft Encyclopedia, 2005-2007 .

Table 2 - Main Statistics
(as of 31 December 2006)

		1957-2006	Yearly average	Percent
•	Total Number of Spacecrafts Launched:	6,491 spacecrafts	132½ spacecrafts/year
	(See complete list)
.
•	Number of Russian Spacecrafts:	3,476 spacecrafts	71 spacecrafts/year	53.6 %
•	Number of American Spacecrafts:	1,735 spacecrafts	35½ spacecrafts/year	26.7 %
•	Number of Other Governements Spacecrafts: (Europe, Japan, China, India, Canada, Other)	595 spacecrafts	14 spacecrafts/year	10.3 %
•	Number of Commercial Spacecrafts	529 spacecrafts	11 spacecrafts/year	8.2 %
•	Number of Amateur Spacecrafts	80 spacecrafts	1½ spacecraft/yeat	1 %
	(See Table 3)
.
•	Number of Civilian Spacecrafts:	2,847 spacecrafts	58 spacecrafts/year	43.8 %
•	Number of Military Spacecrafts:	3,644 spacecrafts	74 spacecrafts/year	56.1 %
	(See Table 4)
.
•	Number of Successfull Spacecrafts:	5,682 spacecrafts	118 spacecrafts/year	89.0 %
•	Number of Failed Spacecrafts:	694 spacecrafts	15 spacecrafts/year	11.0 %
	(See Table 6)
.
	Civilian Programs:
•	Number of Piloted Spaceships (+ 35 military):	501 spacecrafts	10 spacecrafts/year	7.7 %
•	Number of Planetary Probes:	207 spacecrafts	4 spacecrafts/year	3.2 %
•	Number of Communications Satellites:	1018 spacecrafts	21 spacecrafts/year	15.7 %
•	Number of Meteorology Satellites:	169 spacecrafts	3½ spacecrafts/year	2.6 %
	(See Table 8)
.
	Military Satellites:
•	Number of Surveillance (''spy”) Satellites: (photo,ellint, ocean, missile surveillance):	1,765 spacecrafts	36 spacecrafts/year	27.2 %
•	Number of Military Services Satellites: (communications, navigation, meteo, etc.)	1,317 spacecrafts	27 spacecrafts/year	20.2 %
	(See Table 9)

Souce: © Claude Lafleur's Spacecraft Encyclopedia, 2005-2007
.

Military vs. Civilian Spacecrafts Launched

These two graphs traced the evolution of the number of military and civilian spacracfts launched from 1957 to 2006. They show a net decrease in the number of military spacecrafts (at left) during the last fifteen years and a net increase in the number of civilian spacecrafts.
.
Other tables
• Table 3 - Spacecraft Sponsors
• Table 4 - Civilian vs. Military Spacecrafts
• Table 5 - The Four Main Spacecraft Sources
• Table 6 - Success and Failure Ratio
• Table 7 - Spacecrafts Failure Modes
• Table 8 - Civilian Families Statistics
• Table 9 - Military Families Statistics
.

Table 10 - Number of Spacecrafts Launched by Family

Civilian Families

Piloted Programs	Earth/Space Science	Biology	Asstronomy / Sun
Planetary Exploration	Communications	Meteorology	Remote Sensing
Material Processing	Amateur/Student	Technology

Space Exploration

Space Applications

R & D

Year	Piloted	Science	Biology	Astro- nomy	Plane- tary
1957	.	.	1		.
1958	.	13	.	.	7
1959	.	8	.	.	6
1960	8	3	.	.	7
1961	12	8	.	.	4
1962	5	9	.	1	11
1963	3	3	.	.1	4
1964	3	14	.	3	10
1965	9	12	.	4	12
1966	15	9	2	3	10
1967	10	11	1	4	10
1968	14	13	.	6	3
1969	18	9	1	2	12
1970	6	11	1	2	6
1971	11	14	.	1	10
1972	9	11	.	2	5
1973	9	5	1	2	8
1974	6	5	1	3	2
1975	7	11	1	3	7
1976	2	6	.	1	1
1977	3	8	1	1	2
1978	10	11	.	3	8
1979	8	8	1	2	.
1980	10	1	.	1	.
1981	6	10	.	2	2
1982	11	1	.	1	.
1983	9	2	1	4	2
1984	13	7	.	.	4
1985	11	4	1	1	2
1986	7	4	.	1	.
1987	11	2	1	1	.
1988	11	3	.	.	6
1989	9	8	1	3	3
1990	12	5	.	3	3
1991	11	4	.	3	.
1992	14	11	1	1	1
1993	14	1	.	3	.
1994	15	6	.	1	(1)
1995	16	4	.	5	.
1996	13	11	1	6	9
1997	14	1	.	4	2
1998	12	4	.	2	4
1999	7	3	.	5	4
2000	13	8	.	2	.
2001	18	6	.	3	2
2002	12	3	.	2	1
2003	7	5	.	5	9
2004	6	7	.	1	3
2005	8	4	.	1	4
2006	8	11	1	5	1
2007	>>	>>		>>	>>
Total	466	337	18	110	207
	7.18%	7.19%	0.28%	1.69%	3.19%
	Piloted	Science	Biology	Astro- nomy	Plane- tary

Commu- nications	Meteo- rology	Remote Sensing	Meterial Process
.	.	.	.
.	.	.	.
.	.	.	.
2	2	.	.
.	1	.	.
2	3	.	.
3	4	.	.
5	2	.	.
3	4	.	.
4	6	.	.
7	6	.	.
6	5	.	.
5	5	.	.
9	7	.	.
5	5	.	.
9	5	1	.
10	4	.	.
11	7	.	.
17	8	2	.
20	4	.	.
12	7	.	.
15	4	2	.
13	4	7	.
13	4	5	.
20	6	4	1
25	2	4	.
27	3	9	1
24	4	8	1
30	3	7	1
18	3	6	1
12	3	6	1
26	5	9	1
20	4	7	1
31	3	6	2
26	4	7	1
26	.	5	2
23	3	6	.
26	4	3	1
25	2	5	4
36	.	1	1
91	3	7	1
106	1	2	.
73	2	12	1
41	3	5	.
20	2	4	.
36	4	6	2
20	.	6	.
22	1	6	.
21	3	4	1
22	4	6	1
>>	>>	>>	>>
1018	169	168	25
15.68%	2.60%	2.59%	0.39%
Commu- nications	Meteo- rology	Remote Sensing	Meterial Process

Amateur /Student	Tech- nology
.	2
.	1
.	.
.	.
1	.
1	.
.	2
.	5
2	8
.	6
.	6
.	3
.	6
1	6
.	5
1	2
.	2
1	7
.	5
.	1
.	4
3	4
.	2
1	7
7	3
2	1
1	1
1	2
1	2
1	2
.	1
1	.
.	.
7	2
3
1	4
5	4
1	7
4	4
2	3
2	8
6	9
2	8
4	17
3	9
6	14
6	10
4	3
1	15
20	10
>>	>>
102	223
1.50%	3.44%
Amateur /Student	Tech- nology

Space Exploration:

Space Applications:

R & D:

1,138 Spacecrafts
(17.5 %)

1,380 Spacecrafts
(21.3 %)

325 Spacecrafts
(5.0 %)

Souce: © Claude Lafleur's Spacecraft Encyclopedia, 2005-2007
.

Military Families

Photo Surveillance	Electronic Intelligence	Missile Early Warning	Nuclear Test Monitor
Ocean Surveillance	Communications	Navigation	Radar Calibration
Meteorology	Space Defense	Antisatellite Tests	Piloted Programs
Science & Technology

Military Applications

Military Services

R & D

Year	Photo Surveil lance	Early war- ning	Elec- tronic Intel	Nuclear Moni- toring	Ocean Surveil- lance
1957	.	.	.	.	.
1958	.	.	.	.	.
1959	5	.	.	.	.
1960	9	2	2	.	.
1961	21	2	1	.	.
1962	33	2	6	.	.
1963	30	3	10	2	.
1964	37	.	10	2	.
1965	40	.	7	2	1
1966	47	3	10	.	1
1967	44	.	6	2	1
1968	45	.	10	.	1
1969	44	.	9	2	1
1970	39	2	8	2	1
1971	40	1	10	.	6
1972	39	2	10	.	1
1973	42	2	9	.	2
1974	37	1	7	.	3
1975	38	3	10	.	4
1976	40	2	10	.	8
1977	38	4	11	.	7
1978	36	3	9	.	.
1979	35	4	7	.	2
1980	34	6	6	.	11
1981	38	7	5	.	6
1982	39	6	8	.	7
1983	34	3	6	.	10
1984	33	10	6	.	8
1985	29	8	11	.	6
1986	31	7	8	.	9
1987	32	5	9	.	10
1988	33	5	8	.	3
1989	25	3	4	.	3
1990	22	7	5	.	8
1991	14	3	2	.	5
1992	14	6	6	.	.
1993	8	3	4	.	8
1994	8	3	5	.	1
1995	6	1	4	.	3
1996	5	.	2	.	5
1997	4	4	2	.	1
1998	5	2	2	.	1
1999	3	2	1	.	1
2000	5	1	1	.	.
2001	2	2	.	.	3
2002	4	2	.	.	.
2003	7	1	1	`.	2
2004	6	1	5	.	1
2005	5	.	2	.	.
2006	5	1	2	.	.
2007	>>	>>	>>	.	>>
Total	1190	135	277	12	151
	18.33%	2.08%	4.27%	0.18%	2.33%
	Photo Surveil lance	Early war- ning	Elec- tronic Intel.	Nuclear Moni- toring	Ocean Surveil- lance

Commu- nications .	Navi- gation	Radar Calib.	Meteo- rology
.	.	.	.
.	.	.	.
.	1	.	.
2	3	.	.
.	3	.	.
.	1	3	2
1	4	1	3
8	4	2	4
26	4	9	4
16	4	1	3
14	5	5	3
11	2	5	2
1	3	8	1
12	5	.	2
22	2	4	2
19	4	2	2
28	6	.	1
19	5	3	2
29	5	1	1
30	9	4	2
13	10	6	1
43	12	2	1
22	6	3	1
28	9	4	1
28	7	4	.
32	11	6	1
21	14	9	1
25	18	4	.
29	15	3	.
36	10	3	.
27	14	3	1
20	16	3	1
26	14	3	.
30	15	3	1
30	10	3	1
24	17	.	.
18	13	2	.
19	12	8	1
8	13	7	1
5	6	1	.
5	5	.	.
10	5	.	.
3	2	.	1
8	9	.	.
7	5	.	.
3	5	.	.
7	8	1	1
3	7	.	.
2	5	.	.
3	5	.	1
>>	>>	>>	>>
773	368	126	50
11.91%	5.67%	1.94%	0.77%
Commu- nications .	Navi- gation	Radar Calib.	Meteo- rology

Space Defense	Antisa- tellite	Piloted	Science & Techno.
.	.	.	.
.	.	.	7
.	.	.	4
.	.	.	4
.	.	.	7
.	.	.	17
.	1	.	22
.	1	.	17
2	.	.	31
5	.	1	28
10	1	.	26
4	4	.	32
1	.	.	27
2	4	.	16
1	6	.	30
.	1	1	18
.	.	1	14
.	.	3	13
.	1	3	15
.	7	5	13
.	7	4	8
.	1	2	4
.	.	.2	7
.	2	.	1
.	3	.1	.
.	2	1	.
.	.	.3	1
.	.	1	.
.	4	3	1
2	.	.	2
.	.	.	2
2	.	1	1
1	.	2	2
2	.	2	4
6	.	2	8
1	.	.1	.
.	.	..	3
2	.	.	7
.	.	.	1
2	.	.	3
.	.	.	3
.	.	.	3
.	.	.	3
.1	.	.	13
.	.	.	7
.	.	.	1
.	.	.	2
.	.	.	1
.	.	.	2
.	.	.	10
.	.	.	>>
44	45	35	442
0.68%	0.69%	0.54%	6.81%
Space Defense	Antisa- tellite	Piloted	Science & Techno.

Military Applications:

Military Services:

R & D:

1,765 Spacecrafts
(27.2 %)

1,317 Spacecrafts
(20.3 %)

566 Spacecrafts
(8.7 %)

Space Launchers

“A” Semiorka	Ariane	Athena	Atlas	Black Arrow	Chang Zheng	Conestoga
Delta	Diamant	Dnepr	Energiya	Europa	Falcon	Feng Bao
H (Japan)	Juno/Redstone	Kosmos B	Kosmos C	KT-1	Lambda	Minotaur
Mu / M-V	N (Japan)	N1 (USSR)	NOTS	Pegasus	Proton (“D”)	R-36
Rokot	Saturn	Scout	Shaviyt	Shtill	SLV (India)	Space Shuttle
Start	Strela	Taurus	Thor	Titan	Tsyklon (“F”)	Vanguard
VLS (Brazil)	Volna	Zenit (“J”)

Table 11 - Launchers Ranking

Rank	Launcher	Launch Success	Launch Failure	Total	Success Rate	First - Last Launch
====	============	======	======	======	========	=========
1	Saturn	28	0	28	100 %	1961 - 1975
2	Space Shuttle	116	1	117	99.15 %	1981 - 2006
3	F / Tsyklon	224	10	234	95.73 %	1964 - 2006
4	Delta	307	15	322	95.34 %	1960 - 2006
5	Kosmos C	430	24	454	94.71 %	1964 - 2006
6	A / Semiorka	1,574	89	1,663	94.65 %	1957 - 2006
7	Ariane	164½	9½	174	94.54 %	1979 - 2006
8	N	14	1	15	93.33 %	1975 - 1987
9	Titan	203	17	220	92.24 %	1964 - 2005
10	Pegasus	34	3	37	91.89 %	1990 - 2006
11	Chang Zheng	87	8	95	91.58 %	1969 - 2006
12	R-36	22½	2½	25	90.00 %	1965 - 1971
13	D / Proton	288	36	324	88.89 %	1965 - 2006
14	Atlas	296	40	336	88.10 %	1958 - 2006
15	Scout	87	12	99	87.88 %	1960 - 1994
16	Kosmos B	144	21	165	87.27 %	1961 - 1977
17	Mu / M-V	26	4	30	86.67 %	1970 - 2006
18	Zenit (J)	51	8	59	86.44 %	1985 - 2006
19	Thor	210	33	243	86.36 %	1958 - 1965
20	Diamant	10	2	12	83.33 %	1965 - 1965
21	H	22	5	27	81.48 %	1986 - 2006
22	SLV (India)	12½	8½	21	59.52 %	1979 - 2006
23	Juno, Jupiter, Redstone	12	10	22	54.55 %	1958 - 1961
24	Vanguard	3	8	11	27.27 %	1957 - 1959

	Minotaur	6	0	6	100 %	2000 - 2006
	Shtil'	2	0	2	100 %	1998 - 2006
	Strela	1	0	1	100 %	2003
	Dnepr	6	1	7	95.34 %	1999 - 2006
	Rokot	8	1	9	88.89 %	1994 - 2006
	Taurus	6	1	7	85.71 %	1994 - 2004
	Start	6	1	7	85.71 %	1993 - 2006
	Athena	5	2	7	71.91 %	1995 - 2001
	Shaviyt	4	2	6	66.67 %	1998 - 2002
	Feng Bao	4	4	8	50.00 %	1994 - 1998
	Energiya	1	1	2	50.00 %	1987 - 1988
	Black Arrow	1	1	2	50.00 %	1994
	Lambda	1	4	5	20.00 %	1966 - 1970
	Falcon	1	0	1	0 %	2006
	Conestoga	0	1	1	0 %	1998
	Volna	0	1	1	0 %	2005
	KT-1	0	2	2	0 %	2002 - 2003
	VLS	0	3	3	0 %	1993 - 1997
	N-1	0	4	4	0 %	1969 - 1972
	Europa	0	4	4	0 %	1968 - 1971
	NOTS	0	6	6	0 %	1958

	Total	4,415½	407½	4,823	91.55 %	1957 - 2006

Presentation of The Spacecraft Encyclopedia

Why an encyclopedia on all spacecrafts ever launched? Because, beyond all projects, plans, "what we will do..." and "what we could have done if...", this is what Space exploration and operations are all about.

This website tries to compile the most comprehensive list of all spacecrafts ever launched (successfully or not) sponsored by every governments, organizations and corporations since October 1957. With more than 6,500 spacecrafts, this encyclopedia represents a collossal endeavour which is only possible by starting with the works of such "giants" as Jonathan McDowell, Mark Wade, Asif Siddiqi, NASA Historians, NSSDC and many other sources.

The basic data for each spacecraft are presented in an entry written in "plain english", trying to be as accurate and concise as possible. Entries are grouped by year of launch, that is: entries for all spacecrafts launched in a year are on the same web page. Additional informations are available in the web links presented below each entry.
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Spacecraft Entries

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Master list of All Spacecrafts Ever Launched (a ~1.2 MB webpage)

Alphabetical Index of All spacecrafts (a ~1.0 MB webpage)

Spacecrafts launched in : (~1 MB webpage)

1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966

1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976

1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

2007

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Some Interesting Spacecraft Families

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• Spacecrafts (Known) Failures

• Geostationary Spacecrafts

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• The Progress Cargoships Family

• Transit and Navstar Navigation Satellites

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How You Can Help Me !

Of course, I welcome any additional informations and corrections related to this work. Please contact me at claude-lafleur@sympatico.ca
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© Claude Lafleur, 2004-2007

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